Absence of the Guardian in Covenant Marriage: An Evaluation of the Jurisprudential Views of Islamic Denominations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in Shafei Jurisprudence, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Shafei Jurisprudence, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,

Abstract

The sacred tradition of marriage from the beginning of human history has always been more or less influenced by environmental, social, and religious conditions. One of the most basic conditions of marriage, from the Islamic point of view, is the permission of the guardian of the girl. However, in case of absence of a close guardian and the transfer of guardianship to a distant guardian or the judge or the girl herself, jurists of Islamic denominations have different views. If the guardian's absence is interrupted i.e. it is impossible or difficult to reach him, three solutions have been proposed: transferring the guardianship to the distant guardian, transferring the guardianship to the judge, and leaving the guardianship to a mature and wise girl. If the absence is uninterrupted (access to the guardian is possible), the following four solutions have been suggested: transferring the guardianship to the distant guardian, transferring the guardianship to the judge, leaving the guardianship to the girl and not transferring the guardianship, and waiting for the close guardian to return. In case of interrupted absence of the guardian, it seems that the solution of transferring the guardianship to the distant guardian is more in line with narrative and rational arguments, and if the absence is uninterrupted, it is better to wait for the guardian to return and take charge of the marriage, especially since in the present age it is easy to return to such a situation with ease in traffic. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

The Holy Quran.
Aameli Jobai (Shahid Thani), Zayn al-Din Ali ibn Ahmad. 2006. Al-Rawzah al-Bahiyah fi Sharh al-Lomah al- Demashghiyyah, Tehran: Islamic Offset. [in Arabic]
Abu Dawud, Solayman ibn al-Ashath. n.d. Sonan Abi Dawud, Researched by Mohammad Mohyi Abd al-Hamid, Beirut: Arab Heritage Revival House. [in Arabic]
Abu Eshagh Shirazi, Ibrahim ibn Ali. 1959. Al-Mohazzab fi Feghh al-Imam al-Shafei, Beirut: Knowledge House, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Abu Zohreh. n.d. Al-Ahwal al-Shakhsiyah (Personal Moods), Beirut: Arab Thought House, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Al-Khen, Mostafa. 2005. Al-Feghh al-Manhaji ala Mazhab al-Imam al-Shafei (Methodological Jurisprudence according to the Doctrine of Imam Shafei), Damascus: Pen House, Sixth Edition. [in Arabic]
Al-Koluzani, Mahfuz ibn Ahmad. 1970. Al-Hedayah (Guidance), Researched by Ismail al-Ansari, Saleh Solayman al-Amri, Saudi Arabia: Qassim, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Al-Musawi Khomeini, Ruhollah. n.d. Tahrir al-Wasilah, Qom: Science House Press, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Al-Musawi Sabzewari, Seyyed Abd al-Ala. 2009. Mohazzab al-Ahkam fi Bayan al-Halal wa al-Haram (Amended Rulings in the Expression of the Lawful and the Forbidden), Qom: Exegesis House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Al-Najafi, Mohammad Hasan. 2009. Jawaher al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharae al-Islam (Jewelry Words in the Explanation of the Islamic Law), Beirut: n.pub, Seventh Edition. [in Arabic]
Al-Tabatabayi al-Hakim, al-Sayyed Mohsen. 1984. Mostamsak al-Orwah al-Wothgha, Qom: Exegesis Institute. [in Arabic]
Bahuti, Mansur ibn Yunos. 1983. Al-Kashshaf al-Ghena an Matn al-Eghna (Veil Remover of the Text of al-Eghna), Beirut: World of Books. [in Arabic]
Damyati, Abu Bakr Othman ibn Mohammad. 2006. Hashiyah Eanah al-Talebin ala Hal Alfaz Fath al-Moin, Researched by Abd al-Razzagh Shahwad al-Najm, Damscus: Al-Fayha House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Dosughi, Shams al-Din Mohammad Arafah. 1998. Hashiyah al-Dosughi ala al-Sharh al-Kabir, Beirut: ،Thought House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Gharubi, Hasan. 2017. Al-Nazid fi Sharh Rawzah al-Shahid, Qom: Hoseyni Bookstore, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Hattab, Mohammad ibn Mohammad. 1978. Mawaheb al-Jalil fi Sharh Mokhtasar al-Khalil, Beirut: Thought House, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Heythami, Ali ibn Abi Bakr ibn Solayman. 2015. Majma al-Zawaed wa Manba al-Fawaed (Collection of Residuals and Source of Benefits), Researched by Hosayn Salim Asad al-Darani, Jeddah: Al-Minhaj House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ibn Abd al-Berr al-Ghortobi, Abu Yusof ibn Abdollah. 1987. Al-Kafi fi Feghh Ahl al-Madinah (Self-sufficiency in the Jurisprudence of the People of Medina), Beirut: House of Scientific Books. [in Arabic]
Ibn Fares, Ahmad. 2012. Mojam Maghayis al-Loghah (Dictionary of Comparative Language), Researched by Ibrahim Shams al-Din, Beirut: Scientific Company for Publications, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ibn Ghodamah, Mowaffagh al-Din. 1988. Al-Moghni, Researched by Abdollah ibn Abd al-Mohsen al-Torki & Abd al-Fattah Mohammd al-Holow, Cairo: n.pub, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ibn Ghodamah, Mowaffagh al-Din. n.d. Al-Moghni ala Mokhtasar al-Khorfi, Beirut: Arab Heritage Revival House. [in Arabic]
Ibn Jazi, Mohammad ibn Ahmad. n.d. Al-Ghawanin al-Feghhiyah (Jurisprudential Laws), Tunisia, Libya: House of Knowledge for the Book. [in Arabic]
Ibn Manzur, Mohammad ibn Mokarram. 1988. Lesan al-Arab (Language of Arabs), Beirut: Arab Heritage Revival House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ibn Mofleh, Ibrahim ibn Mohammad. n.d. Al-Mobde fi Sharh al-Moghne, Beirut: Islamic Press, Firs Edition. [in Arabic]
Ibn Roshd al-Ghortobi al-Andolosi, Mohammad ibn Ahmad. 1978. Bedayah al-Mojtahed wa Nehayah al-Moghtased, Beirut: Knowledge House, Fourth Edition. [in Arabic]
Jarr, Khalil. 2013. Farhang Larus (Dictionary of Larus), Translated by Seyyed Hamid Etminan, Tehran: Amirkabir. [in Farsi]
Jawhari, Ismail ibn Hammad. 2008. Mojam al-Sehah, Researched by Shiha Khalil Mamun, Beirut: Knowledge House, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Kasani, Abu Bakr ibn Masud. 1978. Badae al-Sanae fi Tartib al-Sharae, Beirut: Knowledge House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Kasani, Abu Bakr ibn Masud. 1989. Badae al-Sanae fi Tartib al-Sharae, Beirut: Scientific Books House, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Maalouf, Louis. 2001. Al-Monjed fi al-Loghah, Tehran: Farhan, First Edition. [in Farsi]
Mardawi, Ali ibn Solayman. 1957. Al-Ensaf fi Marefah al-Rajeh men al-Khelaf ala Mazhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Fairness in Recognizing the Preferred Opinion in Dispute based on the Creed of Ahmad ibn Hanbal), Researched by Mohammad Hamed Alfaghi, Beirut: Arab Heritage Revival House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Nawawi, Yahya ibn Sharaf. 1983. Rawzah al-Talebin wa Omdah al-Moftin, Beirut: Islamic Press, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Sagha, Abd al-Monem Fars. 2008. Ahkam al-Ghaeb wa al-Mafghud fi al-Feghh al-Islami (Rulings of the Absent and the Lost in Islamic Jurisprudence), Damascus: Light House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Sarakhsi, Mohammad ibn Ahmad. 1978. Al-Mabsut (The Expanded), Beirut: Knowledge House, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Shafei, Mohammad ibn Edris. 1980. Al-Om (The Mother), n.p: n.pub, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Shashi al-Ghaffal, Mohammad ibn Ahmad. 1988. Helyah al-Olama fi Marefah Mazaheb al-Foghaha (Ornament of Scholars in Knowing the Doctrines of Jurists), Researched by Yasin Ahmad Daradkah, Aman: Modern Message Press, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Sherbini, Mohammad al-Khatib. n.d. Moghni al-Mohtaj ela Marefah Maani Alfaz al-Menhaj (The Enricher of Those Who Need to Know the Meanings of the Words of al-Menhaj), Beirut: Thought House. [in Arabic]
Tabatabayi Yazdi, Sayyed Mohammad Kazem. 1944. Al-Orwah al-Wothgha, Tehran: Islamic Science. [in Arabic]
Tanukhi, Sahnun ibn Said. n.d. Al-Modawwanah al-Kobra (Great Compilation), Beirut: Scientific Book House. [in Arabic]
Terablosi, Ala al-Din ibn Khalil. 1972. Moin al-Hokkam fi Ma Yataraddad bayn al-Khasmayn men al-Ehkam (Assistant of the Rulers in Judging between Two Adversaries), Cairo: Mostafa al-Babi Press, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Termezi, Mohammad ibn Isa. 1983. Sonan al-Termezi, Researched by Abd al-Wahhab Abd al-Latif, Beirut: Thought House. [in Arabic]
Zaydan, Abd al-Karim. 1994. Al-Mofassal fi Ahkam al-Marah wa al-Bayt al-Moslem (Treatise on Rulings of Woman and Muslim House), Beirut: Tawseah al-Resalah, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Zaylai, Fakhr al-Din ibn Othman ibn Ali. 1896. Tabyin al-Haghaegh: Sharh Kanz al-Raghaegh, Cairo: Amidi Printing Press in Bulagh, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Journal Of Islamic Denominations
Volume 8, Issue 16
March 2021
Pages 427-443

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics