Analysis of the Regulations and Boundaries of Pathways from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudents, Juxtaposed with Criminal Policy Based on Iranian law

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran

2 Assistant professor, Department of Law, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/jid.2024.413301.2444

Abstract

Roads and their legal setbacks constitute vital components of national infrastructure in every country. The entitlement to traverse these roads may arise either organically or through established conventions on private property. This article delves into the regulations governing roads and setbacks for right of way, examining them through the lens of jurists associated with diverse Islamic denominations. Additionally, it scrutinizes the legislative policies of Iranian law, highlighting existing gaps therein. Consequently, the focus lies on delineating specific criteria for classifying road types and their associated regulations. Our research reveals both similarities and disparities among jurists representing various Islamic denominations concerning road rules and classifications. Furthermore, the legislative policies of Iranian law exhibit deficiencies regarding road regulations and setbacks. To address these gaps effectively, leveraging insights from these discussions can serve to refine existing legal frameworks pertaining to roads and right of way.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

The Noble Quran. Translated by Mahdi Elahi Ghomshei.
Abroshan, Houshang. 1395 Sh. Siyāsat-i jināʾī-yi Iran dar qalamruv-i jarāyim-i iqtiṣādī. Tehran: Ferdowsi.
Abū Yaʿlā al-Ḥanbalī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn. 1394 AH. Al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya. Edited by Hamid al-Faqi. N.p.: Shirka Maktaba wa-Maṭbaʿa Aḥmad b. Saʿd b. Binhān.
Ahangaran, Mohammad Rasool and Amir Ahmad. 1397 Sh. “Vākāvī-yi mujibāt-i ījād-i ḥaqq-i irtifāq dar fiqh maẕāhib-i Islāmī.” Mabānī-yi fiqhī-yi ḥuqūq-i Islāmī 11, no. 1 (spring and summer): 9-25.
Ahmadi, Amir and Mahdi Khodaei. 1390 Sh. “Dalīl-i mashrūʿiyyat-i ḥaqq-i irtifāq az dīdgāh-i maẕāhib-i Islāmī.” Faṣlnāmih-yi pazhūhish-yāyi fiqhī-yi Dānishgah-i Tehran 7, no. 2 (October): 73-92.
Amid, Hassan. 1365 Sh. Farhang-i Amid. Vol. 1. Tehran: Tehran Publishing Institute.
ʿĀmilī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Makki al-Shahīd al-Awwal (1414 AH). Al-Durūs al-sharʿiyya fī fiqh al-Imāmiyya. Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute associated with the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom.
ʿĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-Shahīd al-Thānī. 1414 AH. Masālik al-afhām. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmiyya.
Approval no. 1672, dated May 26, 1967, Board of Ministers, and minutes dated July 27, 1998 by the Board of Ministers, regarding road setbacks. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Budget Law. 1964. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Budget Law. 1972. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Buhūtī al-Ḥanbalī, al-Shaykh Manṣūr b. Yūsuf al-. 1418 AH. Kashshāf al-qināʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Civil Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Approved May 8, 1928. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Determination of rural road setbacks, approved by the Board of Ministers, dated April 29, 1990. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Dimashqī al-Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Din b. Sharaf al-. n.d. Rawḍat al-ṭālibīn. Edited by al-Shaykh Adel Ahmad Abd al-Mawjud and al-Shaykh Ali Muhammad Muawwad. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Emami, Seyyed Hassan. 1383 Sh. Ḥuqūq-i madanī. Vol. 1. Tehran: Eslamiyyih Publications.
Executive Regulation, clause 1, article 17 of the Law of Roads and Railways Safety, approved 2002, amended in 2005 and 2007. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Fawzī, Fayḍ Allāh Muḥammad al-. 1397 AH. Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. N.p.: Maṭbaʿa Ṭarabayn.
Habibzadeh, Mohammad Jafar. 1395 Sh. Ḥuqūq-i jazāyi ikhtiṣāṣī. Vol. 2. Tehran: Samt.
Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf b. Muṭahhar al-. Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ. Iraq: Maktabat al-Raḍawiyya li-Iḥyāʾ al-Āthār al-Jaʿfariyya.
Hosseini, Seyyed Hossein. 1383 Sh. “Nigarishī taṭbīqī bar naḥvih-yi inʿikās-i jurm-i rishvih dar system-hāyi ḥuqūqī-yi Farānsih, Ītāliya, Sūʾīs, va Chīn.” Pazhūhish-hāyi ḥuqūqī 3, no. 6 (October): 129-46.
Hūrīnī al-Fīrūzābādī, Majd al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. n.d. Al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Jamīʿ.
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn. 1272 AH. Radd al-muḥtār ʿalā al-durr al-mukhtār (ḥāshiya Ibn ʿĀbidīn). Egypt: Dār al-Ṭibāʿat al-Miṣriyya.
Ibn al-Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. 1328 AH. Al-Iṣāba fī al-ṣaḥāba. Egypt: Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda.
Ibn al-Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. n.d. Fatḥ al-bārī bi-sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Lebanon: Dār al-Maʿrifa.
Ibn al-Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. 1405 AH. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Ibn Anas, Mālik. n.d. Al-Mudawwanat al-kubrā. Egypt: Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda.
Ibn Qudāma al-Muqaddasī, Abū al-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī ʿUmar. n.d. Al-Sharḥ al-kabīr. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī.
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad. n.d. Al-Mughnī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī.
Iran Ministry of Roads & Urban Development, Road Maintenance Deputy. 1396 Sh. Majmūʿi żavābiṭ-i ḥifẓ va ṣiyānat-i ḥarīm-i rāh-hā. Vol. 1. Edited by the Office of Development of Road and Setback Safety, Implementation and Operation Affairs. Tehran: Kian Graphics Advertisement Center.
Iran’s Fourth Civil Plan Law. Approved March 17, 1968. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Islamic Criminal Law. Taʾzirat. Approved 1996 and 2013. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Jafari Langroodi, Mohammad Jafar. 1378 Sh. Mabsūṭ dar terminology. Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh.
Jalilzadeh, Eslam. 1396 Sh. “Ḥuqūq va takālīf-i qānūnī dar ḥarīm-i rāh-hā (barrasī-yi mawridī-yi qavānīn-i vizārat-i rāh va shahrsāzī-yi Jumhūrī-yi Eslāmī-yi Iran).” International Conference on Islamic Jurisprudence and Law.
Jalilzadeh, Eslam. 1397 Sh. Ḥuqūq va takālīf-i qānūnī-yi vizārat-i rāh va shahrsāzī dar ḥarīm-i jāddih-hā. Ardabil: Mohaghegh Ardabili.
Karakī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Muḥaqqiq al-Thānī al-. 1410 AH. Jāmiʿ al-maqāṣid fī sharḥ al-qawāʿid. Vol. 5. Qom: Al al-Bayt Institute.
Khafīf, ʿAlī. 1371 AH. Mukhtaṣar aḥkām al-muʿāmalāt al-sharʿiyya. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Sunnat al-Muḥammadiyya.
Khoei, Sayyid Abu al-Qasim. 1410 AH. Minhāj al-ṣāliḥīn. Vol. 2. Qom: Maṭbaʿa Mih.
Lazerges, Christine. 1395 Sh. Darāmadī bar siyāsat-i jināyī. Translated by Ali Hossein Najafi Abrandabadi. Tehran: Mizan.
Legal Bill on the Procedures of Land and Property Purchase and Possession for Implementing Public, Civil, and Military Plans of the Government. Approved October 9, 1979. Tehran: Cultural Revolution Council, National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Maghribī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Khaṭṭāb al-Raʿīnī al-. 1416 AH. Mawāhib al-jalīl fī sharḥ mukhtaṣar khalīl. Edited by al-Shaykh Zakariyya Amirat. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlmiyya.
Mardāwī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Sulaymān al-. 1355 AH. Al-Inṣāf fī maʿrifat al-rājiḥ min al-khilāf ʿalā madhhab al-Imām Aḥmad. Edited by Muhammad al-Faqi. N.p.: Al-Sunnat al-Muḥammadiyya.
Moein, Mohammad. 1386 Sh. Farhang-i Farsi. Vol. 1. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Mousavi Golpayegani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza. 1413 AH. Hidāyat al-ʿibād. Qom: Dār al-Qurʾān al-Karīm.
Mousavi Khomeini, Sayyid Ruhollah. 1385 Sh. Taḥrīr al-wasīla. Edited by the Institute for Compilation and Publication of the Works of Imam Khomeini. Tehran: Uruj Institute.
Najafi Tavana, Ali. 1389 Sh. Majmūʿi maqālāt pīrāmūn-i siyāsat-i jināyī. Tehran: Amoozesh va Sanjesh.
Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan al-. 1368 Sh. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Edited by Shaykh Ali Akhundi. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
Official Newspaper of the Islamic Republic of Iran. March 19, 1991. The precedent no. 204, dated December 4, 1990, General Board of Administrative Court of Justice.
Official Newspaper of the Islamic Republic of Iran. October 22, 1995. The precedent no. 153, dated July 8, 1995, General Board of Administrative Court of Justice.
Planning and Budget Organization, Ministry of Road and Transportation, Office of Technical Standards and Studies. 1375 Sh. Guidelines on Geometrical Design of Roads. Tehran: Planning and Budget (161).
Qalʿaji, Muhammad Rawas and Hamid Sadiq Qanibi. 1405 AH. Muʿjam lughat al-fuqahāʾ (ʿArabī-Inklīzī). Beirut: Dār al-Nafāʾis.
Qummī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim al-. 1413 AH. Jāmiʿ al-shitāt. Edited by Mortaza Razavi. Tehran: Keyhan Institute.
Rāzī, Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr al-. 1415 AH. Mukhtār al-ṣiḥāḥ. Edited by Ahmad Shams al-Din. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Roads and Railways Safety Law. Approved June 28, 1970 and its subsequent amendments. Tehran: National Organization of the Laws and Regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Legal Deputy of Presidency, Office of Compilation, Refinement, and Publication of Laws.
Sarakhsī, Shams al-Dīn al-. 1406 AH. Al-Mabsūṭ. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa.
Shirbīnī al-Khaṭīb, Muḥammad al-. 1377 AH. Mughnī al-muḥtāj ilā maʿrifa maʿānī alfāẓ li-minhāj. Egypt: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi Publishing and Printing Company.
Soleimani, Mostafa, Mahdi Rouhani, and Shahnaz Allahyari. 1379 Sh. Majmūʿih vaẓāyif va ikhtiyārāt-i vazīr-i rāh va tarābarī. Vol. 1. Tehran: General Bureau for Compilation and Refinement of Laws and Regulations, Presidency, Research Deputy.
Tanūkhī, Saḥnūn b. Saʿīd al-. 1323 AH. Riwāyat al-Imām Saḥnūn ibn Saʿīd al-Tanūkhī ʿan al-Imām ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Qāsim al-ʿItqī ʿan al-Imām Mālik ibn Anas, al-mudawwana. Egypt: Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda.
Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-. 1408 AH. Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn. Edited by Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini. Beirut: Nashr al-Thiqāfat al-Islāmiyya.
Validi, Mohammad Saleh. 1376 Sh. Ḥuqūq-i jazāyi ikhtiṣāṣī dar tafṣīl-i qavāʿid-i takhrīb-i amvāl va itlāf-i ʿamdī asnād. Tehran: Dad.
Verdict of the Guardian Council. Letter no. 22818/30/86. Dated September 30, 2007. Website of the Verdicts of the Guardian Council. Nazarat.shora-rc.ir.
Zuḥaylī, Wahba al-. 1409 AH. Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa-adillatuh. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr (Ehsan Publications).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics