Journal Of Islamic Denominations

Journal Of Islamic Denominations

Legal Actions of Discerning Minors in Shiite and Sunni Jurisprudence

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Hossein Ebrahimi 1
ahmad rezvanimofrad 2
ghodratollah niazi 3
1 PhD student, Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
2 Department of law humanities ,faculty,Bu-ali Sina University ,Hamedan,Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Theology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
10.22034/jid.2024.338538.2334
Abstract
A significant issue in both Shiite and Sunni jurisprudence is whether legal actions, such as transactions involving property (e.g., sale and purchase), conducted by discerning minors (al-ṣaghīr al-mumayyiz) are valid and enforceable. Some scholars argue that such transactions are valid under certain conditions, while others contend that the legal actions of discerning minors are invalid and unenforceable. Given the explicit texts from Quranic verses and hadiths, and the lack of consensus over invalidity, it is not justifiable to categorically dismiss the validity of minors' transactions. In this article, we argue for the validity of transactions conducted by discerning minors based on the Quranic verse of "ibtilāʾ" (testing). According to the evidence, the verse suggests that cognitive maturity alone is sufficient for minors to engage in legal transactions, and that puberty is merely an indicator of such cognitive development rather than a prerequisite. Therefore, minors do not need to have reached puberty to engage in legal transactions. Furthermore, the notion of discerning minors as interdicted individuals is based on the concept of wardship. With the ward's consent, such interdiction can be lifted, and their transactions can be deemed valid. This article supports the validity of transactions conducted by discerning minors.
Keywords
legal action
minors
non-discerning minors
discerning minors
Shiite and Sunni jurisprudence
Subjects
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Journal Of Islamic Denominations
Volume 11, Issue 21 - Serial Number 21
September 2024
Pages 323-351